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Quick Answer: Thermal mass flow controllers and thermal meters measure gas mass flow directly. They do not need separate temperature or pressure compensation for most process gas lines. A controller adds a fast valve and a PID loop so the device holds a setpoint on its own. These automated precision sinks for process gases give repeatable control for air, nitrogen, biogas, and natural gas.
Silver Automation Instruments supplies these units for gas flow ranges from less than 1 sccm up to 1500 kg/h. The line covers DN15 to DN50 process connections and outputs such as 4-20 mA HART plus RS485 Modbus RTU. This article gives you the practical details for selection, installation, and quotation.
A thermal mass flow meter pushes a small amount of heat into the gas stream from a heated sensor. A second sensor reads the gas temperature. The gas flow removes heat from the heated sensor. The amount of heat removed is proportional to the mass flow of the gas. That is the core principle.
Because the measurement responds to gas mass not volume, the reading stays stable when line pressure or gas temperature changes. This matters in applications like nitrogen blanketing, biogas feeding, and aeration air dosing. You get kg/h or slm without a separate pressure transmitter.
Here is the thing. The term heat sink inside a thermal mass flow meter refers to the role of the gas stream as it carries energy away from the heated sensor. This sensing method is automatic and fast. It gives a repeatable signal for process gas lines that change load in seconds.
Many plants use a thermal mass flow controller on gas mixing skids. For example, a food packaging line in Australia may blend nitrogen and carbon dioxide inside a modified atmosphere pack. The controller holds each gas at a mass flow setpoint. A change in tank pressure does not shift the blend ratio.
Another common case is aeration control in wastewater treatment. A plant in Vietnam used a DN40 thermal mass flow meter on a blower discharge line. The meter sent 4-20 mA HART to a PLC. The PLC adjusted the blower speed. Air flow stayed within 2 percent of the target during peak load.
OEMs also install thermal mass flow controllers inside hydrogen generator skids and burner gas trains. The units can be ordered with ATEX Zone 1 housings for hazardous areas. These units also work for natural gas, biogas, and hydrogen blends in the Middle East and Southeast Asia.
Most engineers skip this part. Always confirm the gas composition before you select a thermal mass flow device. A meter calibrated for air will read a different gas with an offset. If your gas mix changes often, request a unit with multi gas correction factors or in situ calibration options.
Silver Instruments thermal mass flow controllers use PT100 platinum RTD sensors. The wetted parts are 316L stainless steel as standard. Hastelloy C is available for corrosive gases. Inline models cover DN15 to DN50. Insertion style meters can handle larger ducts or pipes.
Common flow ranges go from 0 to 10 sccm for laboratory gas dosing up to 0 to 1500 kg/h for industrial gas lines. Accuracy is typically plus or minus 1.0 percent of full scale. Repeatability is plus or minus 0.2 percent of full scale. Response time is under 1 second for most controllers.
Output options include 4-20 mA HART, RS485 Modbus RTU, and pulse. The valve in a thermal mass flow controller can be normally closed or normally open. We need your fail safe direction before we quote. Power supply is 24 V DC as standard.
Thermal mass flow meters need a straight run of pipe upstream and downstream. A common rule is 15 diameters upstream and 5 diameters downstream. If you have elbows or valves close to the meter, add a flow conditioner. In practice most plants use a small bypass line for DN15 and DN20 meters to keep the main header compact.
Calibration gas should match your process gas. A unit calibrated on nitrogen will not be accurate on carbon dioxide without correction. At our factory we calibrate on air, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, methane, and biogas. Send us your gas type and the required flow range. We will set the correction factor before shipment.
We have seen this on customer sites many times. A thermal mass flow controller mounted too close to a pressure regulator reads unstable flow. The regulator creates a jet that hits the sensor. Move the meter 10 diameters downstream and the signal settles. This one change fixes many startup issues.
Question 1: Can a thermal mass flow controller measure liquid or steam?
Answer: No. Thermal mass flow controllers and thermal meters are for clean gas and gas mixtures. For liquid or steam use a Coriolis mass flow meter, electromagnetic flow meter, or vortex flow meter from Silver Instruments.
Question 2: What is the minimum gas pressure for a thermal mass flow meter?
Answer: Most inline units work from 0.1 bar g to 10 bar g. Some low pressure designs operate at 0.05 bar g. Tell us your pressure in bar and pipe size in DN. We will confirm the pressure drop and valve sizing.
Question 3: Do you supply ATEX or IECEx certified thermal mass flow controllers?
Answer: Yes. We supply ATEX Zone 1 and IECEx versions for gas lines in hazardous areas. The certification applies to the complete instrument including the valve and electronics.
Question 4: How do you calibrate a thermal mass flow meter for a mixed gas?
Answer: We calibrate on the primary gas and apply correction factors for the mixed composition. If the gas mix changes often, use a multi gas unit with stored gas curves. You can switch gas curves through HART or Modbus.
Question 5: What is the delivery time for a DN25 thermal mass flow controller?
Answer: Standard delivery is 2 to 3 weeks for common ranges and gas types. Custom calibrations or Hastelloy C wetted parts may add 1 to 2 weeks. We ship from our factory in China to Southeast Asia, Oceania, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East by DHL or sea freight.
Send us your gas type, pressure in bar, temperature in °C, pipe size in DN, and required flow range. Include the output signal and the hazardous area classification. We will reply with a model selection, accuracy statement, pressure drop, and price.
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